Kelas : I A

Program : B. Inggris

Rangkuman tentang konfigurasi TCP/IP dan Sharing

TCP/IP adalah sekelompok protocol yang mengatur komunikasi data di internet

Pengaturan TCP/IP terdiri dari:

• Setting IP computer ada 2 Model :
1. DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol)
Memiliki satu kekurangan:
- Tidak bisa mengetahui alamat IP dari setiap computer

*Cara mengkonfigurasi DHCP :
A. Klik Start lalu klik kanan My Network Places kemudian klik properties lalu akan tampil kotak dialog Network Connection
B. Klik kanan Pada ikon Lokal Area Connection (LAN) kemudian klik properties
C. Klik Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) pada menu General lalu klik properties
D. Klik Obtain IP address automatically maka secara otomatis akan mengaktifkan DHCP

• Static IP (Static name Protocol)
Memiliki beberapa kekurangan :
1. Apabila menggunakan Static listrik akan tidak stabil
2. Jaringan akan sering bermasalah, dan
3. Akan sering salah memberikan kode

*Cara mengkonfigurasi Static :
A. Klik Start lalu klik kanan My Network Places kemudian klik properties lalu akan tampil kotak dialog Network Connection
B. Klik kanan Pada icon Lokal Area Connection (LAN) kemudian klik properties
C. Klik Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) pada menu General lalu klik kotak properties
D. Pada kotak Internet Protocol TCP/IP klik Use the following IP address kemudian ketik 192.168.1.5 (nomer pc anda) untuk IP address, lalu klik Subnet mask maka secara otomatis terisi 255.255.255.0
E. Ketik 192.168.1.1 untuk Default gateway (untuk koneksi ke Modem)

F. Selanjutnya Use the following DNS server address ketik 202.134.1.10 untuk Preferred DNS server dan ketik 202.134.2.5 untuk Alternate DNS server (untuk koneksi ke Provider server).

G. Untuk point E dan F hanya untuk koneksi ke internet saja.

• Berbagi Data (Sharing resources)

*Cara membagi data yang akan dibagi :

A. Klik kanan di menu Start lalu pilih Explore

B. Pilih Drive atau Folder yang akan di share/bagi

C. Klik kanan di Drive/folder yang akan di bagi

D. Pilih Share and Security

E. Check list Share this folder on the network, untuk penamaan bebas

F. Untuk Allow network users to change my files jika di check list maka folder yang anda share dapat di timpa/di tambahkan file/data dari user lain

G. Lalu klik Apply/ok.
*Cara mengakses Folder share dari client :
1. Klik start kemudian klik My Network Places
2. Klik view workgroup computer, kemudian

3. Klik nama computer atau nama file share

4. Klik ok.

Bersama LaBrie mereka merekam Images And Words yang melambungkan nama mereka ke jajaran internasional dengan hit “Pull Me Under” dan “Another Day”. Awake adalah album terakhir mereka dengan Moore yang kemudian digantikan oleh Derek Sherinian untuk album Falling Into Infinity. Pada akhirnya Sherinian juga digantikan oleh Jordan Rudess dan formasi ini masih bertahan sampai hari ini. Mereka telah meluncurkan album konsep Metropolis 2: Scenes From A Memory dan album ganda Six Degrees Of Inner Turbulence. Pada tahun 2003 mereka memutuskan untuk merekam album non-konsep Train Of Thought yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh grup thrash metal seperti Metallica.

Album terbaru mereka yang berjudul Octavarium dikeluarkan pada tanggal 7 Juni 2005 dan selain merupakan album studio kedelapan juga mengandung delapan lagu.

Dream Theater dibentuk pada bulan September 1985, ketika gitaris John Petrucci dan bassis John Myung memutuskan untuk membentuk sebuah band untuk mengisi waktu luang mereka ketika bersekolah di Berklee College of Music di Boston. Mereka lalu bertemu seorang pemain drum, Mike Portnoy, di salah satu ruang latihan di Berklee, dan setelah dua hari negosiasi, mereka berhasil mengajak Mike Portnoy untuk bergabung. Setelah itu, mereka bertiga ingin mengisi dua tempat kosong di band tersebut, dan Petrucci bertanya kepada teman band, Kevin Moore, untuk menjadi pemain keyboard. Dia setuju, dan ketika Chris Collins diajak untuk menjadi vokalis, band tersebut sudah komplit.

Dengan lima anggota, mereka memutuskan untuk menamai band tersebut dengan nama Majesty. Menurut dokumentasi DVD Score, mereka berlima sedang mengantri tiket untuk konser Rush di Berklee Performance Center ketika mendengarkan Rush dengan boom box. Portnoy lalu berkata bahwa akhiran dari lagu tersebut (Bastille Day) terdengar sangat “majestic”. Pada saat itulah mereka memutuskan Majesty adalah nama yang bagus untuk sebuah band, dan tetap bagus sampai sekarang.

Pada saat – saat tersebut, Portnoy, Petrucci dan Myung masih berkutat dengan kuliah mereka, juga dengan kerja paruh waktu dan mengajar. Jadwal mereka menjadi kiat ketat sehingga mereka harus memutuskan antara mengejar karir di bidang musik atau mengakhiri band Majesty. Namun akhirnya Majesty menang dan mereka bertiga keluar dari Berklee untuk berkonsentrasi di karir musik. Petrucci mengomentari tentang hal ini di dokumentasi DVD Score, berkata bahwa saat tersebut sangat susah untuk meminta kepada orang tuanya untuk pergi ke sekolah musik. Dan lebih susah lagi untuk menyakinkan orang tuanya agar ia boleh keluar dari sekolah.

Moore juga akhirnya keluar dari sekolahnya, SUNY Fredonia, untuk berkonsentrasi dengan band tersebut.

Beberapa teknik penulisan lagu yang unik telah dilakukan oleh Dream Theater, yang kebanyakan terjadi di masa – masa sekarang, ketika mereka bisa bereksperimen dengan label rekaman mereka sendiri.

Dimulai dengan Train of Thought, Dream Theater sudah memulai memasukkan elemen – elemen kecil dan tersembunyi di musik mereka, dan memuat elemen tersebut kepada peminat yang lebih fanatik. Karakteristik yang paling terkenal (yang biasa disebut “nugget”) tersembunyi di “In the Name of God”, yang merupakan sandi morse dari “eat my ass and balls” (makan pantatku dan penisku), yang merupakan kata – kata terkenal dari Mike Portnoy. Sejak saat itu, banyak peminat – peminat Dream Theater mulai berusaha menemukan hal – hal kecil yang biasanya tidak menarik bagi peminat biasa.

Beberapa dari teknik mereka yang terkenal termasuk:

• Suara dari fonograf di akhiran dari “Finally Free” di album Scenes from a Memory adalah suara yang sama di awalan “The Glass Prison” di album berikutnya, Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence. Dan akhiran kunci terakhir di “As I Am” sama dengan kunci yang digunakan di album selanjutnya, Train of Thought. Juga, not piano yang dimainkan di akhiran “In the Name of God” di ‘Train of Thought adalah not yang sama dengan pembukaan “The Root of All Evil” di album berikutnya, Octavarium.
• Tiga bagian dari “The Glass Prison” di Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence, dua bagian dari “This Dying Soul” di Train of Thought dan dua bagian dari “The Root of All Evil” di Octavarium menunjukkan tujuh poin pertama dari dua belas poin – poin di program Alcoholics Anonymous oleh Bill Wilson, yang mana program itu diikuti oleh Mike Portnoy. Ia juga berkata bahwa ia akan membuat lagu – lagu lain yang memuat lima program lainnya, yang akan ditujukan untuk Wilson
• Dream Theater kadang menggunakan teknik penulisan lagu dimana bagian – bagian dari sebuah lagu dikembangkan tiap kali mereka dimainkan. Contohnya, lagu “6:00″ dari Awake. Setelah awalan lagu, mereka hampir memainkan chorus, tapi mengulang lagu tersebut dari awalan lagi (di menit 1:33). Dan ketika chorus sudah seharusnya dimainkan pada saat berikutnya, mereka mengulang lagi dari awalan, di menit 2:11. Teknik ini bisa juga ditemukan di “Peruvian Skies”, “Blind Faith” dan “Endless Sacrifice”
• Penggunaan notasi yang berulang – ulang juga digunakan, yang sudah dikenal dari lagu – lagu Charles Ives, contohnya:
  - Tema lagu “Wait for Sleep” muncul di “Learning to Live” (menit 8:11) dan juga muncul dua kali di “Just Let Me Breath” (menit 3:39 dan 5:21)
  - Tema lagu “Learning to Live” muncul di “Another Day” (menit 2:53)
  - Tema lagu “Space-Dye Vest” digunakan beberapa kali di album Awake.
  - Tema pembukaan dari “Erotomania” digunakan di “Voices” di Awake (menit 4:51).
  - Satu dari melodi – melodi di “Metropolis Pt 1 (The Miracle and the Sleeper)” diulang di chorus kedua di “Home” dari Metropolis Pt 2 (Scenes From A Memory), dengan cuma pengubahan satu kata. Beberapa lirik dari “Metropolis Pt 1″ just digunakan di “Home”. Pada dasarnya, keseluruhan album “Scenes From A Memory” penuh dengan musikal/lirikal/konseptual variasi dari elemen – elemen musikal dari “Metropolis Pt 1″ dan “The Dance of Eternity” sebenarnya dibangun dari variasi – variasi elemen musik di lagu – lagu dalam album tersebut.
  - Bagian – baguan dari tiap lagu di album “Octavarium” telah digunakan di bagian kelima dari lagu berjudul sama, “Octavarium”.
• Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence, studio album ke enam mereka, memuat enam lagu dan mempunyai karakter – karakter angka enam di judul – judul lagunya. Train of Thought, studio album ke tujuh mereka, memuat tujuh lagu. Octavarium, studio album ke delapan mereka memuat delapan lagu dan judul albumnya diambil dari kata octo, yang merupakan kata Latin yang berarti delapan, berarti satu oktaf dari istilah musik, yang mana merupakan jarak dari satu not ke not lain adalah delapan not di tangga nada diatonik. Judul lagi dari CD ini adalah 24 menit, kelipatan dari 8. Halaman depan albumnya juga memuat karakter – karakter yang berhubungan dengan 5 dan 8. Contohnya, satu set dari kotak – kotak putih dan kotak – kotak hitam, mempunyai arti satu oktaf dari piano.

Lagu “Octavarium” dulunya ingin diakhiri dengan seruling yang bergema serupa dengan awalan lagu tersebut. Namun diganti dengan not piano yang sama dari awalan album Octavarium. Mike Portnoy telah mengatakan bahwa seri awalan – akhiran album akan berhenti disini, karena album ke sembilan mendatang tidak akan diawali dengan akhiran “Octavarium”

As Nirvana’s frontman, Kurt Cobain found himself referred to in the media as the “spokesman of a generation”, with Nirvana the “flagship band” of “Generation X”. Cobain declined the position, and placed his focus on the band’s music, challenging the band’s audience with their third album In Utero. While Nirvana’s mainstream popularity waned in the months following its release, their core audience cherished the band’s dark interior, particularly after the band’s 1993 performance on MTV Unplugged.

Nirvana’s brief run ended with the death of Cobain in 1994, but the band’s popularity expanded in the years that followed. Eight years after Cobain’s death, an unfinished demo that the band recorded two months prior to Cobain’s death topped radio playlists around the world. Since their debut, the band has sold more than fifty million albums worldwide (see also Best selling music artists), including more than ten million copies of Nevermind in the US alone. Nirvana remains a consistent presence on radio stations worldwide.

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Origin Aberdeen, Washington

Country USA

Years active 1987–1994

Genre(s) Alternative rock, Grunge

Label(s) Sub Pop, DGC Records

Members Kurt Cobain

Krist Novoselic

Dave Grohl

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Early years

Cobain and Krist Novoselic met in 1985. Both were fans of The Melvins, and both were interested in forming a band. They worked with several drummers (including Aaron Burckhard and Dale Crover of The Melvins, who played on their first demos), before settling on Chad Channing. Nirvana’s first album, Bleach, was released by Sub Pop Records in 1989. Bleach was highly influenced by Cobain’s then-favorite band, The Melvins, by the heavy dirge-rock of Mudhoney, and by the 70s rock of Black Sabbath and Led Zeppelin. Novoselic noted in a 2001 interview with Rolling Stone that the band had played a tape in their van while on tour that had an album by The Smithereens on one side and an album by the black metal band Celtic Frost on the other, and noted that the combination probably played an influence as well. Bleach became a favorite of college radio stations nationally, but gave few hints of where the band would find itself two years later.

Though he did not actually play on the album, Jason Everman was credited as playing guitar on Bleach because he put up the money for the recording sessions: $606.17. After the album was completed, Everman had a brief and contentious stay with the band as a second guitar player, but was sacked following their first US tour. Not long after, he briefly played bass with Soundgarden before joining the band Mind Funk.

In early 1990, the band began working with producer Butch Vig on recordings for the follow-up to Bleach. During the sessions, Kurt and Krist realized that Chad wasn’t the drummer the band needed, and he was let go after the sessions were complete. After a few weeks with Dale Crover of The Melvins filling in, they hired Mudhoney drummer Dan Peters, with whom they recorded the song “Sliver”. Later that year, Buzz Osbourne of The Melvins introduced them to Dave Grohl, who was looking for a new band following the sudden break-up of D.C. hardcore punks Scream.

Nevermind

Following repeated recommendation by Sonic Youth’s Kim Gordon, David Geffen signed Nirvana to DGC Records in 1990 and the band began recording their first album for a major label. The result, Nevermind, is now widely regarded as a classic.

For the album, the band decided to continue working with Vig. Rather than recording at Vig’s Madison studio as they had in 1990, the band shifted to Sound City Studios in Los Angeles. For two months, the band worked through a variety of songs in their catalog. Some of the songs, including “In Bloom” and “Breed”, had been in the band’s repertoire for years, while others, including “On a Plain” and “Stay Away”, lacked finished lyrics until mid-way through the recording process.

After the recording sessions were completed, Vig and the band set out to mix the album. However, after a few days, both Vig and the band realized that they didn’t like how the mixes were turning out. As a result, they decided to call in someone else to oversee the mixing, with DGC supplying a list of possible options. Cobain did not want to use mixers that had worked with other bands that he liked, given that he did not want to sound like them. He decided to call in the guy at the bottom of the list next to the name ‘Slayer’: Andy Wallace. (Wallace co-produced Slayer’s 1990 album Seasons in the Abyss.)

Months after the album’s release, Cobain complained in the press that Wallace made Nevermind sound too slick, even though Wallace had been his own choice and the band themselves had been involved in the mixing process. Even if the band was disappointed at the glossy sound of the album, Wallace successfully tempered the band’s indie rock leanings and created a mainstream-ready rock sound that others would attempt to duplicate for the next decade.

Initially, Nevermind, wasn’t expected to sell more than 500,000 copies. Instead, the album was certified triple-platinum (three million copies) in the US less than six months after its release. The highly infectious single “Smells Like Teen Spirit” received heavy airplay on MTV, inspiring a slew of imitators and bringing the grunge sound into the mainstream. The popularity of “alternative” rock, as well as the sidelining of hair metal, is often credited to Nevermind. In January of 1992, the album reached the top of the Billboard album charts, replacing Michael Jackson’s album Dangerous, an act often considered the defining symbol of the rise of alternative music over pop. Citing exhaustion, the band decided not to undertake another US tour in support of Nevermind, instead opting to make a handful of performances later that year.

In February of 1992, following the band’s Australian tour, Cobain married Courtney Love in Hawaii. Love gave birth to a daughter, Frances Bean the following August. Just days after Frances Bean’s birth, Nirvana performed one of its best-known concerts, headlining at the Reading Festival. Cobain entered the stage in a wheelchair as a practical joke, then proceeded to get up and join the rest of the band in tearing through an assortment of old and new material. At one point in the show, Cobain related to the crowd the recent birth of his daughter, and succeeded in having the crowd chant “We love you, Courtney!” in unison. Dave Grohl related in 2005 on the radio program Loveline that the band was genuinely concerned beforehand that the show would be a complete disaster, given all that had happened during the year and that they hadn’t rehearsed in six months. Instead, the performance ended up being one of the greatest of their career.

Not quite two weeks later, Nirvana put on a memorable performance at the MTV Video Music Awards. MTV had wanted the band to play “Smells Like Teen Spirit”, but the band wanted to play a new song called “Rape Me”. MTV was appalled at the idea of a song called “Rape Me”, and eventually agreed that the band could play “Lithium” instead, the band’s then-current single. When the band began their performance, Kurt strummed and sang the first few bars of “Rape Me”, giving the MTV execs a solid shock before jumping into “Lithium”. Near the end of the song, frustrated that his amp had stopped functioning, Novoselic decided to toss his bass into the air for dramatic effect. Unfortunately, he misjudged the landing, and the bass ended up bouncing off of his forehead, forcing him to stumble off the stage in a daze. As Cobain trashed their equipment, Grohl ran to the mic and began yelling “Hi, Axl!” repeatedly, referring to Guns N’ Roses singer Axl Rose, with whom the band and Courtney had had a bizarre encounter prior to the show.

Nirvana released Incesticide, a collection of B-sides and rarities, in December of 1992. Many of Nirvana’s BBC radio sessions and unreleased early recordings were starting to circulate via trading circles and illegal bootlegs, so the album served to beat the bootleggers to the punch. The album contained such fan favorites as “Sliver”, “Dive”, “Been a Son”, and “Aneurysm” as well as covers of songs by The Vaselines, a band that became more popular as a result of Nirvana’s covers.

In Utero

For 1993′s In Utero, the band brought in producer Steve Albini, perhaps best known for his work on the Pixies album Surfer Rosa. The sessions with Albini were productive and notably quick: the initial version of the album was recorded and mixed in two weeks, a far cry from the months spent recording and mixing Nevermind.

Bringing in Albini appeared to be a deliberate move on Nirvana’s part to give the album a rawer, more unpolished sound, as if the band wanted to alienate or distance some of their new “mainstream” audience who’d paid little or no attention to the alternative, obscure, or experimental bands Nirvana saw as their forebearers. For example, one song on In Utero that featured long periods of shrill feedback noise was titled, ironically, “Radio Friendly Unit Shifter”. (In the industry, a “radio-friendly unit shifter” describes an “ideal” album: one capable of heavy radio play and ultimately selling many copies, or “units”.) However, Cobain insisted that Albini’s sound was simply the one he’d always wanted Nirvana to have: a “natural” recording without layers and layers of studio trickery.

Following its release, fans fell under the impression that the band wanted this distorted masterpiece. However, in reality, the band was actually unhappy with certain aspects of Albini’s mixes. Specifically, they thought the bass levels were too low, and Cobain felt that “Heart-Shaped Box” and “All Apologies” didn’t sound “perfect”. Longtime R.E.M. producer Scott Litt was called in to help remix those two songs, with Cobain adding additional instrumentation and backing vocals. Litt also remixed “Pennyroyal Tea”, but Albini’s version was used on the album. (DGC later planned to release Litt’s remix as a single.)

With In Utero, the band also faced corporate censorship. Giant store chains Kmart and Wal-Mart refused to carry the album, citing song titles like “Rape Me” and Kurt’s plastic-fetus collage on the album’s artwork as too controversial for the “family-oriented” chains. The band decided to abide by the request, and compiled a version of the album with “clean” artwork and “Rape Me” retitled “Waif Me”. Other than the inclusion of Litt’s mix of “Pennyroyal Tea”, however, the music on the album was identical to the wider release. When asked about the edited version, Kurt noted that he could relate to the small-town residents that had no other local music stores and were forced to buy their music at Kmart.

While “Heart-Shaped Box” was received warmly by alternative and mainstream radio, and In Utero debuted at number one on the Billboard Album chart, the album didn’t enjoy the same success as Nevermind. When the band embarked on the US In Utero tour, its first major tour of the States since the success of “Smells Like Teen Spirit”, it regularly played to half-filled arenas, stymied by the lack of tour support for Nevermind and the challenging new release. (For touring in support of In Utero, the band added Pat Smear of the punk rock band The Germs as a second guitarist.)

In November of 1993, the band decided to change direction and sat down for an appearance on MTV Unplugged. The sessions revealed the depth of Cobain’s songwriting, which had often been buried under the sonic fury of the band’s sound. The song selection also demonstrated Cobain’s broad musical interests through his choice of cover songs. It became a hallmark moment of Nirvana’s history, if not amplified by the tragedy soon to follow.

In early 1994, the band embarked on a European tour. While the tour started off well, the performances gradually declined, with Kurt looking bored and distracted during the shows, particularly during the Italian leg of the tour. Following a tour stop at Terminal Eins in Munich, Germany, on March 1st, Cobain was diagnosed with bronchitis and severe laryngitis. The next night’s show at the same venue was cancelled. On the morning of March 4th, Cobain was found unconscious by Courtney Love and rushed to the hospital. The doctor told a press conference that the singer had reacted to a combination of prescription Rohypnol and alcohol. The rest of the tour was cancelled, including a planned leg in the UK.

In the ensuing weeks, Cobain’s heroin addiction resurfaced. An intervention was organized, and Cobain was convinced to check into rehab. After less than a week in rehab, Cobain climbed over the wall of the facility and flew back to Seattle. A week later, on Friday, April 8, 1994, Cobain’s lifeless body was discovered at his Seattle home, effectively dissolving Nirvana. (More information regarding the circumstances of Cobain’s death can be found in the article for Kurt Cobain.)

After Cobain’s death

Several Nirvana albums have been released since Cobain’s death. The first came in November of 1994 with the release of the band’s subdued and eerily morbid performance for MTV Unplugged, Unplugged in New York. This album included guest appearances by members of the Meat Puppets, as well as cover versions of songs by the Meat Puppets, Leadbelly, The Vaselines, and David Bowie.

Two weeks after the release of Unplugged in New York, a video compilation of Nirvana performances, titled Live! Tonight! Sold Out!!, was released. Cobain himself had compiled a significant part of the video, which documented much of the Nevermind tour. Memorable footage from the video included an infamous incident with a bouncer at a Texas club in October of 1991, as well as the band’s performance of “Aneurysm” donned in dresses at the Hollywood Rock Festival in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in January of 1993.

The original intention was to release the MTV Unplugged set in a double-disc package, along with a second disc of live electric material to balance the acoustic set. However, for the two surviving band members, sorting through the treasure trove of Nirvana recordings so soon after Cobain’s passing became too emotionally overwhelming. The live disc, a compilation of Nirvana concert recordings, finally saw release in October of 1996, titled From the Muddy Banks of the Wishkah.

In August of 1997, online music news website Wall of Sound reported that Grohl and Novoselic were organizing a box set of Nirvana rarities. Four years later, the band’s label announced that the box set was complete and would see release in September to coincide with the 10th anniversary of the release of Nevermind. However, shortly before the release date, Courtney Love filed an injunction to stop the box set’s release and sued Grohl and Novoselic, claiming that Cobain’s former bandmates were hijacking Nirvana’s legacy for their own personal interests. What followed was a protracted legal battle over the ownership of Nirvana’s music that lasted for more than a year.

Much of the legal wrangling centered on a single unreleased song, “You Know You’re Right”, the band’s final studio recording. Grohl and Novoselic wanted to include the song on the box set, essentially releasing all of the rarities at one time. Love, however, argued that the song was more important than just a generic “rarity”, and should be included on a single-disc greatest hits compilation. After more than a year of often public and sometimes bizarre legal maneuvering, the parties settled, agreeing on the immediate release of the greatest hits package including “You Know You’re Right”, titled simply Nirvana. In turn, Love agreed to donate cassette demos recorded by Cobain for use on the box set.

Nirvana fans’ first taste of “You Know You’re Right” came in early 1995 when Courtney Love played a version of the song with her band Hole on MTV Unplugged under the title “You’ve Got No Right”. A live rough draft version of the song performed by Nirvana at their October 23, 1993 concert at the Aragon Ballroom in Chicago surfaced in Nirvana tape-trading circles a few months later. In the years that followed, rumors of the existence of a studio version of the song perpetuated through Nirvana’s fanbase and grew to almost mythic proportions. For fans, the first real confirmation of the studio version’s existence came in November 2001 when Access Hollywood aired a ten second clip of the song as part of an interview with Courtney Love. In May of 2002, several longer clips surfaced on the Internet via an unknown source, who claimed he was planning to release the entire song. However, the source backed down, fearing legal action. As the court case neared completion in September of 2002, the entire song unexpectedly leaked, days before the announcement of the release of Nirvana. Even though the studio version turned out itself to be a rough draft with unfinished lyrics, fans and non-fans alike adored the song, leading it to become one of the most-played songs on alternative radio in both 2002 and 2003.

Nirvana was released on October 29, 2002. On top of “You Know You’re Right”, the album contained hit singles from their three studio albums as well as several alternate mixes and recordings of familiar Nirvana songs. Following its release, many long-time fans complained about the song selection, noting that the alternate version of “Been a Son” (from the Blew EP) was not the band’s preferred version, and that the disc lacked songs such as “Sappy” (released as “Verse Chorus Verse”) that had received significant radio airplay in the US following Cobain’s death. Fans outside the US questioned the inclusion of the Unplugged version of “All Apologies” (as opposed to the single version from In Utero) and the Bleach version of “About a Girl” (where the Unplugged version was a popular single in 1994). Also, with a running time of under fifty minutes, there was certainly ample space to include other popular songs, such as “Love Buzz”, “Drain You”, “Aneurysm”, and “Where Did You Sleep Last Night?” (the latter of which was included on some foreign releases of the disc).

It was revealed in the liner notes of the Nirvana album that Cobain was concerned that he had not been able to write anything substantial during their last tour and had little material with which to go into the studio. He had always made a point of working on new material during the tour and playing it differently every night so that by the time the tour ended they would have the songs worked out, ready to be recorded. For example, a 1989 performance of the song “Breed” (then titled “Immodium”) was included on Wishkah, recorded a full two years before the song’s release on Nevermind. Additionally, several songs on In Utero were written as early as 1990. Many who believe Cobain committed suicide cite his feeling of being “written-out” as one possible explanation.

November of 2004 finally saw the release of the Nirvana box set, titled With the Lights Out. The box set contained a vast array of early Cobain demos, rough rehearsal recordings, and live tracks recorded throughout the band’s history. Of note to serious Nirvana fans were unfinished studio recordings of “Old Age” and “Verse Chorus Verse” (different from “Sappy”) recorded during the Nevermind sessions. Another notable track on the box set was a solo acoustic demo of a song called “Do Re Mi”, recorded by Cobain in his bedroom. The song showed that even in the turmoil of his final days, Kurt still had the gift for melody that he had demonstrated so many years earlier in songs like “About a Girl”.

A best-of-the-box compilation titled Sliver: The Best of the Box was released in the fall of 2005. The CD compiled nineteen tracks from the box set plus three previously unreleased tracks, including a version of the song “Spank Thru” from the fabled 1985 Fecal Matter demo tape. According to Rolling Stone, Cobain’s daughter Frances Bean aided in the selection of the title and cover art.

In a 2002 interview with Jim DeRogatis, Courtney Love described the countless rehearsal tapes, demos, and bedroom recordings that were left behind after Cobain’s death. For example, a four-track version of “Do Re Mi” was apparently recorded with Kurt on drums, Pat Smear on guitar, and Eric Erlandson on bass. Whether anything from the remaining archive will ever see release remains to be seen.

Post-Nirvana

In the years following Nirvana’s disbanding, both of its surviving members have remained active musically. Not long after Cobain’s death, Grohl recorded a series of demos which eventually became the debut album for the Foo Fighters. As of 2005, the Foo Fighters have released five commercially successful albums. The most recent Foo Fighters release, In Your Honor, features a song called “Friend of a Friend”, which Grohl wrote in 1990 about his first encounters with Cobain and Novoselic.

Beyond the Foo Fighters, Grohl has also drummed for bands including Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, Mike Watt, Queens of the Stone Age, Tenacious D, Nine Inch Nails, Garbage, and Killing Joke. He also recorded an album of metal songs featuring many of his favorite early-80s metal singers under the name Probot.

After the end of Nirvana, Novoselic formed Sweet 75. More recently, he founded Eyes Adrift with Curt Kirkwood (formerly of the Meat Puppets) and Bud Gaugh (formerly of Sublime). He also performed in a one-off band called the No WTO Combo with Kim Thayil of Soundgarden and Jello Biafra of the Dead Kennedys that coincided with the WTO Meeting of 1999.

More significantly, Novoselic has become a political activist, founding the political action committe JAMPAC to push musicians’ rights. In 2004, he released a book titled Of Grunge and Government: Let’s Fix This Broken Democracy, which covered his musical past as well as his political endeavors. During the 2004 Presidential campaign, Grohl and Novoselic appeared on stage together in support of the John Kerry campaign.

While Nirvana came to a sudden conclusion following their final show in Munich, the remaining members of the band (including Pat Smear) offered a bittersweet farewell to the band’s fans. At the end of the Foo Fighters’ 1997 performance at the Bumbershoot festival in Seattle, Grohl suddenly jumped behind the drum kit, with Novoselic wandering onstage with bass guitar in hand. The trio (Grohl, Novoselic, and Smear) serenaded the enthusiastic crowd with loose covers of Prince’s “Purple Rain” and Led Zeppelin’s “Communication Breakdown”. The short performance served as a lighthearted (and loud) nod to Seattle and all who supported Nirvana during its short, tumultuous, and unforgettable run.

Band members

Kurt Cobain – vocals, guitar

Krist Novoselic – bass

Aaron Burckhard – drums (1987-1988)

Dale Crover – drums (1987-1988, 1990)

Dave Foster – drums (1988)

Chad Channing – drums (1988-1990)

Jason Everman – guitar (1989)

Dan Peters – drums (1990)

Dave Grohl – drums (1990-1994)

Pat Smear – guitar (1993-1994)

Discography

Albums & Compilations

Year Title Label Other information

1989 Bleach Sub Pop First studio album.

1991 Nevermind Geffen Records Second studio album.

1992 Incesticide Geffen Compilation of rare studio songs, B-sides, alternate versions, and cover songs.

1993 In Utero Geffen Third studio album.

1994 MTV Unplugged in New York Geffen Live acoustic album.

1994 Live! Tonight! Sold Out!! Geffen VHS home video with live performances and interviews.

1995 Singles Geffen Hit singles from Nevermind and In Utero in a box set.

1996 From the Muddy Banks of the Wishkah Geffen Live electric album.

2002 Nirvana Universal Also called Best of and/or Greatest Hits. Features previously unreleased “You Know You’re Right.”

2004 With the Lights Out Geffen Box set containing three compact discs and a DVD. Includes rare and previously unreleased material.

2005 Sliver: The Best of the Box Geffen 19 tracks from With The Lights Out plus three previously unreleased recordings.

Singles & EP’s

Year Title Label Other information

1988 Love Buzz Sub Pop (Bleach) Limited to 1,000 copies.

1989 Blew (EP) Tupelo (Bleach) EP Released in France and United Kingdom only.

1990 Sliver/Dive Sub Pop

1991 Candy/Molly’s Lips Sub Pop With Fluid; Live 1st issue black vinyl (2,500 copies) and 2nd issue blue vinyl (3,500 copies)

1991 Here She Comes Now/Venus in Furs Communion Velvet Underground covers, with The Melvins (1,000 copies in eight different colors)

1991 Smells Like Teen Spirit Geffen (Nevermind)

1992 Come As You Are Geffen (Nevermind)

1992 Lithium Geffen (Nevermind)

1992 In Bloom Geffen (Nevermind)

1992 Hormoaning (EP) Geffen Tour EP Released in Australia and Japan only.

1993 Puss/Oh, the Guilt Touch and Go With The Jesus Lizard (100,000 copies worldwide)

1993 Heart-Shaped Box Geffen (In Utero)

1993 All Apologies/Rape Me Geffen (In Utero)

1994 Pennyroyal Tea Geffen (In Utero) Recalled after Cobain’s death. No vinyl copies and only a few hundred CDs are believed to exist.

1994 About a Girl Geffen (MTV Unplugged in New York) Mainly released in Europe, with a 5,000-copy limited edition release issued in Australia.

1996 Aneurysm Geffen (From The Muddy Banks of The Wishkah) Promo only, released to promote the album on radio.

2002 You Know You’re Right Geffen (Nirvana) Promo only, released to promote the album on radio.